You just need to login to your server where mysql is installed and start using below commands. It is very easy and capable to export and import huge databases quickly.
Export Database:
mysqldump -h localhost -u root -p database_name > export_file.sql
Export Database and Exclude Some tables:
mysqldump -h localhost -P 3306 -u root -p --ignore-table=table1 --ignore-table=table2 database_name > export_file.sql
Import Database:
mysql -h localhost -u root -p database_name < export_file.sql
To login in Database and perform some query like you do using phpmyadmin or any other sql client software:
sudo mysql -u root -p -h localhost
show databases;
use database_name;
show tables;
SELECT * FROM table_name;